July is often the month when our gardens either shine or struggle. The summer sun is blazing, and while we envision vibrant blooms and abundant vegetables under the intense heat, issues can arise. Heat stress and overwatering are frequent causes of plant problems during this season. These two issues can appear strikingly similar, yet misdiagnosing one for the other can worsen the situation. Let's explore how to distinguish between them and restore your garden's health.

The July Challenge: Heat vs. Overwatering

July usually brings the hottest days of the year. Plants are working hard, trying to photosynthesize, grow, and conserve water. At the same time, many gardeners ramp up watering to keep plants hydrated in the heat. Yet, too much water can cause trouble just as easily as too little.

Spotting the Signs: Heat Stress

We've all been there - you're enjoying a beautiful summer day, and then you notice your plants looking like they've been put through a spin cycle. Leaves are crispy, flowers are droopy, and you're wondering what you did wrong. When the mercury rises above 90°F (32°C), plants go into survival mode. Here’s what you’ll notice:

Wilting during the day: Leaves droop and look tired, but perk up in the evening hours.

Leaf burn: Brown, crispy edges on leaves, especially on those exposed to direct sun.

Flower drop: Blossoms may fall off early as the plant conserves energy.

Slow growth: Plant seem like they’re on pause and not growing.

Last summer, my tomato plants looked like they’d been through a drought. The leaves curled and wilted by mid-afternoon, but in the morning, they seemed almost normal again. I realized they were heat-stressed, and not in need of a drink. Instead of pouring more water, I added mulch and provided afternoon shade with a simple cloth draped over the cages. Within days, the plants bounced back and looked well.

Spotting the Signs: Overwatering

The signs of overwatering looks a bit different but can sometimes mimic heat stress. It can be just as detrimental to your plants. When the soil is consistently soaked, roots start to rot, and plants become more susceptible to disease.

Permanent wilting: Plants droop all day and night, not just during the hottest hours.

Yellowing leaves: Especially starting from the lower leaves.

Soft, mushy stems or roots: A telltale sign of root rot.

Fungus or mold: You’ll notice a white powdery coating on the soil or plant base.

Last July, my hydrangeas were wilting badly. I noticed the soil was soggy and smelled funky. I was watering daily, without fail. So I started to cut back hydration, improved drainage, and let the soil dry out. The hydrangeas slowly recovered, proving you can drown a plant even in summer.

Troubleshooting Tips

Check the soil moisture: Stick your finger about 2 inches into the soil. Dry? Water. Wet and soggy? Hold on to your hose. 

Observe the wilting pattern: Does the plant revive overnight? If yes, it’s likely heat stress. Wilting all day and night? Probably due to overwatering.

Look under leaves and roots: Yellow leaves and mushy roots are obvious signs of overwatering.

Adjust watering schedule: Water deeply but less frequently, ideally in the early morning.

Add mulch and use shade cloth: Mulch helps retain moisture and keeps roots cooler, while using shade cloth can help protect sensitive plants during the hottest part of the day. For gardeners with less time, consider moving them to an area with partial shade and using a cover system. 

Double Whammy

Sometimes, plants can suffer from heat stress and overwatering at the same time! For instance, if you're overwatering a plant in a pot that's sitting in full sun, the roots can essentially "cook" in the hot soil.

The key to troubleshooting gardening problems is observation. Pay close attention to your plants, check the soil, and consider the weather conditions. Don't just assume they need water because it's getting hot. 

Final Thoughts

July can be a tough month, but with a little attention and smart watering, your garden can thrive through the heat. Remember, plants often tell us exactly what they need — we just have to learn to observe. Next time your plants look droopy, pause and investigate before grabbing the watering can!